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Citation Helper - MLA, APA, Chicago, & NoodleTools

This guide includes information about citing your sources, including MLA, APA and Chicago / Turabian citation styles.

What are you citing?

Are you citing a book, article, film, or website?


Print Sources


Electronic Sources

Non-Print Sources

In-Text Citations

Citation Resources in Databases

Many of our article databases will help you format your citations by giving you a citation that you can copy and paste to your References page or into NoodleTools using the quick cite "Copy & Paste" feature within a citation template.


Gale databases (e.g.,Gale eBooks, Students in Context, U.S. History in Context, Literature Resource Center) - When you click the title of an article, look for the "Tools" on the top of the page and select "Cite."


ProQuest databases (e.g., SIRS Issues Researcher or SIRS Discoverer) - After you have selected an article, click the "Cite" link in the green box to the article title.


You should always double-check the results you get, since sometimes the citations need some clean-up.

What does DOI mean?

Some database articles may include a DOI, a Digital Object Identifier, a unique number that is assigned to an entity that is available on a digital network. The DOI allows networks to keep track of objects such as electronic journal articles, even when the objects are moved from one Internet location to another.  
When an article contains a DOI, APA style allows for the inclusion of the DOI at the end of your citation. Here's an example of an APA citation that uses a DOI:

Wainberg, M. (2009, March 17). Criminalizing HIV transmission may be a mistake. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(6), 688-688. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090249